Definition Of Good And Evil Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of good and evil. Many scientist, philosophers, and theologians have been intrigued by these questions. Through Augustines Confessions and E. O. Wilsons In Search of Nature, one is accessible to two distinct perspectives concerning the nature of good and evil.Augustine sets up an argument in his Confession that attempts to define evil. God is the author of everything. Augustine says, nil that exists could exist without You God (Book I, Chapter II). Nothing in this world exists apart from God.For Augustine, God is good because everything He made is good. Everything about God is good. No aspect of Him is lacking, false, or not good. However, the question of evil and from where it came still remains.Augustine then asks himself where it was that evil came. Evil could not have come from God it must have come from another denotation other than God. Because we clearly see evil in this world, did God allow it to enter ? This would seem that God is not omnipotent.Originally Augustine believed that evil had substance. However, his views changed later where he says, If they were deprived of all goodness, they would be altogether nothing therefore, as long as they are, they are good. Thus whatsoever things are, are good and that evil whose descent I sought is not a substance (Book VII,...

King Leopold II and Belgian Imperialism Essay -- European History Essa

superpower Leopold II and Belgian Imperialism In 1865, King Leopold II succeeded his father to the thrown of Belgium and thus began one of the most unforgiving and insensitive periods of imperialism ever to exist. From manipulative treaties to straight forward intimidation, Leopold dominated his empire like no other. He was cruel, deceptive, and downright evil, yet it took the world over twenty years to recognize this. The record of King Leopolds atrocity is an interesting account of how a jealous man could inflict some of the most unsavoury forms of oppression upon his fellow members of the human race. When Leopold came to power in 1865, he was incredibly disappointed at Belgiums lack of power in the imperial world. every(prenominal) other western European nation by had this time had taken on colonies as part of their empire and therefore had been acquiring incredible wealth due to their new markets and exploitation of the native peoples they encounter ed. Belgium, itself, was a small country, and unlike their neighboring nations, they had not yet entered into the colonial scene. This all changed when the famous explorer total heat M. Stanley accepted Leopolds proposal to return to the Congo acting as an agent of the crown whose mission was to obtain the signatures of all the native chieftains living in the Congo. Using despicable and manipulative tactics, Stanley was able to acquire over 450 treaties which paved the way for the declaration of nearly one million square miles of the Congo River basinful as the property of King Leopold II. The land Leopold had obtained was about eighty times larger than that of Belgium itself. Plus, Leopold was proclaimed the sovereign ruler of all the Congo Free Sta... ...BibliographyAfrica Imperialism accounting of Imperialism. 1998-2002. 5 Oct. 2002.Constitutional Rights Foundation. 2000. 5 Oct. 2002 http//www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria16_2.html. Leopold II- King of the Bel gians World History King Leopolds heart of Darkness. 2000. 5 Oct. 2002 Other Sourceshttp//members.aol.com/TeacherNet/World.htmlAfricaThis link brings the leader to a website consisting of umpteen links regarding African Imperialism.http//www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria16_2.htmlThis link brings the reader to a website focusing on King Leopold II of Belgium.http//ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Tielemans/hp50marc.htmThis link provides the reader with a short biography of King Leopold II.

human reason Essay -- essays research papers

Perspectives on Human ReasonHuman reason is a topic that, without a doubt, can have multiple outlooks by various individuals. Descartes believed that reason was the ultimate cornerstone of human knowledge, while Pascale believed that reason alone could not allow someone to attain knowledge. He felt on that point were limits on reason. Both tried, to the best of their ability, to back their beliefs and make others see their point of view.Descartes doubted the senses and believed that people only knew things through the content of their mind through human reason. Descartes apply logical deductive reasoning to question the certainty of the senses. He states, I have found that these senses sometimes deceive me, and it is a matter of prudence neer to confide completely in those who have deceived us even once (Descartes 26). His basic question that he sought to find the answer for is very interlinking yet seems so simple when reflecting upon it. How can we actually know things, for ce rtain? How do we know that the sky is actually blue, or that the earth is round? Is thither any certain proof to reveal the fact of anything? Are the ideas we form in our minds and perceptions we have the truth? These are the types of things Descartes thought about. He questioned the certainty of abruptly everything. I have no senses at all body, figure, extension, movement and place are chimeras. What will, then, be true? Perhaps just this one thing that in that respect is nothing cer...

Smoking: One Light Can Be One Less Breathe Essay -- Social Issues, Add

Smoking One Light Can Be One little Breathe As a group of young girls were swinging swiftly on the swings in the park, they no longer smelled the fresh air, but the smell of fundament smoke. When they looked up they realized a young man had walked by with a cig atomic number 18tte in hand. He was walking down the sidewalk puffing remote on his cigarette, paying no attention to the young girls playing on the playground. Little does he know, by making the preference to smoke a cigarette, he is significantly harming himself and all the heap some him who have chosen not to take part in smoking. He does not know and understand the set up smoking can have on a persons body. There are multiple health risks he takes by simply choosing to demoralize and smoke a cigarette. When he realizes the problems cigarettes can cause, he will want to quit and find different ways to help him. Obviously, on that point are dateless amounts of different solutions to the habit of smoking. As soon as this man realizes what he is doing to himself, those little girls, and everyone else surrounding him, he will certainly want to get help. As the National Cancer Institute notes, Secondhand smoke causes disease and premature death in nonsmoking adults and children (2). This is a piece of information he would learn at a support group meeting, which is one way to quit. Another way he can get rid of the habit is to use nicotine replacement therapy, which would be a nicotine patch and gum. There are also behavioral and motivational therapies a person has as an option to take into consideration. On the other hand, there is also hypnosis someone can perform to help get rid of the habit. As proved, there are numerous ways to quit. On the contrary, with quitting this addictive habit, people ... ...otine patch and gum. Some smokers do not opine these work well so they may want to try the other methods previously mentioned, such as, hypnosis or motivational and behavioral therapies. But there is no doubt about it that quitting is the best possible solution for smoking. There are great health risks smokers are taking when lighting that one cigarette. However, they can take actions to stop that. It is just a matter of wanting to make yourself healthy again. Smokers also need to think of the others around them. The National Cancer Institute claims, Secondhand smoke causes disease and premature death in nonsmoking adults and children (2). Smoking can cause death to others around the person smoking. They do not have a choice to be around smoke sometimes. Because they do not have an option, smokers need to make their choice to quit smoking before killing someone.

Juvenile Delinquency: Genetic or Environmental Essay -- Argumentative

juvenile wrong Genetic or Environmental Oh, well, Ill end up in jail anyway Its in my genes This was the heartfelt declaration of a 15 year-old teen. Was it inevitable that he follow in his fathers footsteps on the path of delinquent behavior and subsequent brushes with the law? Was juvenile delinquency actually a by-product of genetics or could it be a product of behavioral sink- that environmental abyss that absorbs so many teens? Definition of delinquencyAlthough arguable on both sides, environment clearly has the transcend in determining juvenile behavior. The very definition of juvenile delinquency states Delinquency is a major social problem. Delinquents are likely to come from a background of poverty, to belong to a racial or ethnic group that experiences discrimination, and to live in an urban area. One theory is that children from the poorest part of society escape opportunities to develop in socially acceptable ways and turn to delinquency as a substitute. Anot her theory is that delinquency is learned behavior, acquired by associating with pot who have little respect for the law. A third explanation is that juveniles who are caught and labeled delinquent by the authorities are likely to continue to come across the law because that label makes it harder for them to be law-abiding. (Academic American Encyclopedia,1995,Vol 11, p. 478) Nowhere in this definition is the term genetics or heredity addressed. So, are teenagers predestined to become delinquents? decidedly not Each teen has the same opportunity to succeed. His day-to-day environment defines what he will do with this opportunity. Impact of Family on Juveniles A child is a blank slate at birth, eager to absorb and le... ... Allyn and BaconRosenberg, et al(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( fifth ed, pp. 109)Boston Allyn and Bacon Bynam & Thompson(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biologi cal Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 109)Boston Allyn and BaconSchauss et al.,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 110)Boston Allyn and BaconLonsdale & Shamberger,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 111)Boston Allyn and BaconRabin & McCall,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Psychogenic Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 138)Boston Allyn and Bacon

Juvenile Delinquency: Genetic or Environmental Essay -- Argumentative

jejune Delinquency Genetic or Environmental Oh, well, Ill complete up in jail anyway Its in my genes This was the heartfelt declaration of a 15 year-old teen. Was it inevitable that he follow in his arrests footsteps on the path of delinquent behavior and subsequent brushes with the law? Was juvenile delinquency actually a by-product of genetics or could it be a product of behavioral sink- that environmental abyss that absorbs so many teens? Definition of delinquencyAlthough arguable on both sides, environment distinctly has the lead in determining juvenile behavior. The very definition of juvenile delinquency states Delinquency is a major social problem. Delinquents are likely to aim from a background of poverty, to belong to a racial or ethnic group that experiences discrimination, and to live in an urban area. One theory is that kidren from the poorest part of purchase order lack opportunities to develop in socially acceptable ways and turn to delinquency as a subs titute. Another theory is that delinquency is learned behavior, acquired by associating with people who have little respect for the law. A third explanation is that juveniles who are caught and labeled delinquent by the authorities are likely to act to break the law because that label makes it harder for them to be law-abiding. (Academic American Encyclopedia,1995,Vol 11, p. 478) Nowhere in this definition is the term genetics or heredity addressed. So, are teenagers predestined to bewilder delinquents? Definitely not Each teen has the same opportunity to succeed. His day-to-day environment defines what he will do with this opportunity. Impact of Family on new-fangleds A child is a blank slate at birth, eager to absorb and le... ... Allyn and BaconRosenberg, et al(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 109)capital of Massachusetts Allyn and Bacon Bynam & Thompson(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Soc iological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 109)Boston Allyn and BaconSchauss et al.,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 110)Boston Allyn and BaconLonsdale & Shamberger,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 111)Boston Allyn and BaconRabin & McCall,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach. Biological Psychogenic Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 138)Boston Allyn and Bacon

Career Management Week 4 Hrm 531

C atomic number 18er solicitude Plan HRM 531/ Human Capital Management C beer Management Plan Introduction The C areer focal point plan begins with the employee themselves. They are the key to their own winner. A course is not something that should be left to chance instead, in the evolving world of lap up it should be shaped and managed more(prenominal)(prenominal) by the individual than by the organization. (Grove, 1999). season it is authoritative for the employee to manage their own calling it is equally important for their managers to develop a career management plan to guide them within the organization.The employee whitethorn take this information and either develop from it or become stagnant. This make-up go away discuss different aspects of Career Management such as feedback, how a manager will help employees r each(prenominal) high(prenominal) levels of capital punishment, opportunities for advancement to make up adroitnesss, flexible opportunities for dual- career parents, adaptation to team diversity and a justification of either members career and how they will be handled along with the expected benefits and types of costs. depth psychology FeedbackDevelopmental feedback should be given to each employee by their manager or supervisor. Feedback is defined as, An employee performance appraisal is a processoften combining both indite and oral elementswhereby management evaluates and provides feedback on employee job performance, including steps to improve or redirect activities as needed. (Cascio, 2006, p 327). Feedback may be both positive and negative. both should be presented to the employee. If negative feedback is offered the manager should be cautious and sensitive on the presentation of the material.There are different kinds of feedback that should be offered to the employee. The different periods that feedback may be offered in are after thirty days of starting in the position, immediately as needed in a situation or regular ly scheduled. vernal Employee Each new employee will be evaluated 30 days after their first day of working in the position. This feedback will allow the employee to protrude how they are performing to the job description of the position. It will also give the manager the information on how the employee is performing to the expectations of the position.If redirecting and review needs to take place, this is an important quantify in the career path of the employee. This sets the foundation for good employee habits. Immediate Feedback In a heightened situation a review and feedback should be done in a timely fashion or immediately as the situation requires. This allows the employee to redirect if necessary and build good work habits. While feedback cannot always be managed so quickly, this is the optimal solution. Immediate feedback should be in the manner of oral and write communicating.The supervisor should counsel the employee and speak to the employee with immediate feedback, th en follow up with written communication. The employee should then concur the ability to answer to the supervisor in writing within thirty days. Scheduled feedback Feedback will be given to the employee on a scheduled basis. A review will be done both semi-annually and annually. The format for the semi-annual and annual appraisals will be the same. The goal of each manager will be to provide the employee important information on their performance. The appraisal will be non biased and informational.The employee should be rated on their individual strengths, including the quality of their work, knowledge of the job, communication between other members of the organization, work habits, job knowledge and the behaviors and relations with others. The feedback from the appraisal should show how the employee can improve their performance and the tools and resources they kick in available to improve their performance. by and by the feedback is presented to the employee in oral and writte n format, the employee will have thirty days to respond to the feedback.The managers or supervisors will then have thirty days to respond to the employees feedback. How a manager will help employees reach higher levels of Performance The basis of goal setting and the appraisal and feedback process is to assist the employee to reach higher levels of performance within their current position and to set the stage for future performance and growth. This performance may benefit our company or the employee may forswear and take the skill sets they have learned with them.It is the job of the manager to assist the employee to gain higher levels of performance so that they will want to stay with our company. Cascio describes performance as, A manager who defines performance ensures that individual employees or teams know what is expected of them, and that they stay focused on effective performance. (Cascio, 2006, p 329). . How do we as managers achieve this task? By paying careful attenti on to three key elements goals, measures, and assessment (Cascio, 2006, p 329). ropeting goals for employees sets the expectations that they will work toward.Cascio describes the goal setting process, Set specific, challenging goals, for this clarifies precisely what is expected and leads to high levels of performance. On average, studies show, you can expect to improve productivity 10 percent by using goal setting. (Cascio, 2006, p 330). The employees should have realistic and measureable goals. The more defined the goals are the easier they will be understood and be able to be assessed. These goals should align and incorporate the corporate fair game of increasing market share and customer based sales. The measures and assessments are part of the appraisal and feedback process.Opportunities for Advancement Opportunities for advancement are largely dependent on the employee and their confide to meet and exceed the goals a manager has set for them. The long term goals for each p erson vary. It is a managers job to realistically discuss what the goals of each employees are. Individual goals vary from person to person. One goal for an upcoming salesperson may be to be a Sales Manager within cardinal years. For an older person it may entirely different. Cascio describes an older persons goal, Late careers increasingly are defined in terms of phased retirement.In this new world, the supreme goal is psychological success, the feeling of pride and personal accomplishment that comes from achieving your most important goals in life, be they achievement, family happiness, inner peace, or something else. (Cascio, 2006, p 376). Options for Advancement at a time individual goals are set, the manager may look at the various options available within the company to meet the needs of the employee. There are a variety of options available to the manager to meet the different goals of an employee. The goals may include upwardly or lateral moves within the company.To mee t the individual goals, training or retraining in different areas may be necessary. The employee may need to be challenged so that they do not become stagnant. The manger may identifying skill sets of the employee and suggest vacancies or positions within the company that would utilize the employees strengths to move upward. If the company adds a new market segment, retraining may be offered to current employees. The tutorship reimbursement plan of $2000. 00 per employee per year allows the employee to have the company pay for further education at an accredited institution.The focus of the education must align with the employees position or future goals. The tuition reimbursement plan is part of the employees total compensation package. Other offerings to employees may be established if the manager identifies an unmet need that would benefit many employees. whippy opportunities for Dual Career Parents In current studies we see that forty five percent of the workforce is made up o f dual- career couples. (Cascio, 2006, p 379) The dual career couples and parents have presented to be a unique concern in our company.To meet the needs of this group we have offered a variety of opportunities to our employees. Flexible work hours have been established in departments that are not schedule based. Employees may use accrued compensation time to meet family needs. They appreciate work times that may tailored to their family needs. Since beginning this policy, we see that the turnover rate of dual career couples has decreased. Telework from home is allowed for approved employees. When employees are sick or have sick children they work from home, which has reduced company absenteeism.This has allowed employees the flexibility to meet the needs of their families while maintaining productivity. On-site daycare facilities have been established in many of our site locations. This allows parents to spend more time with their children. It has decreased absenteeism of parents. Reviews from parents with children in the company day care facilities have stated that they no longer have to take time off because of hush-hush care facilities closing during work days. In many instances productivity has increase because of these measures. The goals of a dual career couple employee may also be unique.The manager should be aware of any special concerns regarding lateral, upward or career relocations this may have for the employee. Adaptation to team diversity and a justification of every members career Our company has a combined workforce made up with a very diverse set of employees. There are new graduates directly out of high school and college that have little to no work experience. There are seasoned employees that have been with the company for a number of years. There are individuals from a variety of races that speak many different languages.Our workforce is comprised of nearly equal genders. We are a non-biased company that is utilizing each employees stren gths. When a unique talent is needed in a specialized market we try to fill the position using the employees unanimous points. Culture differences and fluency in different languages is definitely a plus in our company. An example of the current views on cultures shows that most companies are trying to substitute their workforce. We feel its important to have employees who represent all walks of life from many diverse cultural backgrounds. (Burden, Octo) We have recently marketed to the Health Care patience in a Spanish speaking region. We have realigned the Spanish speaking sales representative and customer support to these accounts. Productivity and sales have increased three times in the account. Participation in these market segments is voluntary and should be part of the personal goals of the employee. Bonuses and salary increases of five percent will be given to bilingual employees that work in these diverse market segments. Bias toward any particular group of people will no t be tolerated.Justify the publish and the expected benefits and types of costs. The process of appraising, rating and feedback allows for clear and concrete goal setting. The cost of the process and employee offerings far outweighs the cost of doing a mediocre job of employee development and career planning. With concise goals and managers that assist in employee development a strong workforce is being developed within the company. There are many benefits to assisting employees with their career plans. We have a workforce that is staying with the company for longer period of times, more nowledgeable about many departments within the company and more loyal. We have workers that are telecommuting, getting more work done at home than at the office. These are just some of the benefits of career planning. There are also many costs that are avoided with having a stronger workforce. These costs are associated with the lack of employee development and career planning. Employee retention a nd turnover is one of the largest costs to a company. In an industry average we see that employee turnover has a great impact. These calculations will easily reach 150% of the employees annual compensation figure. The cost will be significantly higher (200% to 250% of annual compensation) for managerial and sales positions. (Bliss, May) Retraining employees to work in another department allows them to share and expand their knowledge and eventually make for a stronger company. While it is true that sales and other financial statistics determine the success of a company, what most people overlook is the fact that employees are among the most important determinants of the success of a company. (Icles, Apri). Conclusion This paper has shown the process of feedback, how managers may assist employees to reach a higher level of performance, a discussion on lateral and upward advancement, dual couple careers, diversity and the benefits and types of costs of having a career plan. It has b een seen that having goals that are derived from an appraisal may start the employee on a career plan. While the employee is in the long run responsible for developing their own career, their manager will play a significant role in modeling the way for that development.Developing a career management plan for employees has associated costs, but we have seen that the benefits outweigh these costs. These benefits are retention of happier, more productive and loyal employees. It appears that career management planning is the way to go for any company. References Bliss, W. G. (May 9, 2010). Cost of Employee Turnover. Retrieved from http//www. isquare. com/turnover. cfm Burden, M. (October 15,2010) Flint Journal Michigan Business Flourish Because of Bilingual Workers. Retrieved from

The Case: No Dogs Allowed Essay

1. What economic questions does this case require the townb to ask? What is a dog commonality and how does it utility the community? ass people or dogs get hurt at a dog special K?How leave behind dogs fight be avoided?If a dog commonalty is built, testament there be space available for an affordable recreation facility?2. List the possible resources that the town would need to construct and maintain the super C? few possible resources that are needed to construct and manitain the dog park areSecured fences to prevent loose dogs outside of the park areaTrash cans and garbage removalmaterial and equipment needed to clear the langrass and lawn maintenanceFresh drinking water and field drainage systemLighting and benches for dog ownersPooper scooper displaceStaff to construct and maintain the park3. What town resources are scare?Limited public space and open space is dwindling in the town.4. Who entrust be the consumers using this public good?The consumers this good would be the people who are the owners of dogs.5. What is the chance live of building this park?A. In terms of economics, opportunity cost is the value of the next-highest valued alternative use of that resource. In this case, the opportunity cost would be the offer of 850,000 dollars to purchase the land and build 40 raw(a) luxury homes.B. Identify at least one professional and one con for each of the following options.1. Leaving the land undevelopedA pro in leaving the land undeveloped is saving the town resources and a con would be a waste of space that could be used for something to benefit the community.2. Selling the land to real estate developers to build homes.A pro in selling the land to real estate developers would save the towns resources and money to do other things within the coommunity. A con selling the land when it could be used for a dog park or a recreation facility, things that the community are asking for.6. What if any, market failures might exist in this town?A mar ket failure that could exist is the absence of common soldier property rights, since the dog park would be directly behind a townhouse community, noise levels of barking dogs and fight risk could potentially disturb the neighborhood.7. Create a map that identifies the positive and proscribe externalities of building the park. Explain the effect of each externatality.8. How could the town government counteract the negative externatalities? The town government can counteract the negative eternalities by ensuring that the dog park is securely fenced in with a double gated entry exit system so that the townhouse development would not have the cost in putting a fence around their development. The The town government can assess other available space for recreation since the town is growing. wiener owners will need to take responsibility for the full cost of the noise that their barking dogs create. The town government can make it illegal to disturb the peace by creating disturbing the peace laws.9. Based on your studies of Unit 1, write a persuasive argument for or against the locution of the dog park.Should a dog park be constructed in Martinsville? Martinsville is a rapidly growing town, and statistics show that there are 7,000 licensed dogs in the town. Families who own dogs complain that there are no resources in the town for families with pets, and that since the recent creation of naked apartments, condos, townhouses, and retail spaces that land space is scarceand there is little to no land of their own for open-air(prenominal) recreation. Developers want to purchase the land for $850, 000 to build 40 new luxury townhouses. After considering both sides of the issue, I strongly believe that a dog park should be constructed.The town of Martinsville has already added many new multi-family housing and these dwelling have very limited open-air(prenominal) space. A national pet come in chain is willing to give a grant to the town to partially fund the park and with the towns budget surplus the cost of construction of the park will be covered, but a developer wishes to purchase the land to add more townhouses. The opprtunity cost will benefit the town in safekeeping them from using any of their resources, but the trade-off in this would be adding too many families yet again with limited space of their own, and some of these new families will have pets. Then, even more families will be complaining about space scarcity, therefore I disagree in building 40 new luxury townhouses on this particular land. All of the public spaces are not completely gone and developers can research other options.Families with pets have no outdoor space for their pets to play or exercise. There is only one local park in the area where no pets are allowed. A dog park can be a great addition to almost any community. First, it provides dogs with a chance to excercise and socialize with other dogs. Dogs like to be free, and they like to turn over and play instead of being chained down. Secondly, it provides dog owners with a chance to do things with their pets that they cant do because of limited space. Lastly, having a dog park will prove that the town is family friendly, attracting more families to the town, and for all of the reasons, a dog park should be constructed in the town of Martinsville.

FAN UP Market Analysis and Sales Projections Essay

FAN UP is positioned within the Smart band Applications Industry. Mobile devices with remote internet capability, smart auditory sensations, have created an whole new securities industry of users that can be reached on the go. Due to the recent nature of Smartphone technology, we are witnessing rapid growth and innovation in the smart phone applications industry. FAN UP allows the event master of ceremonies the ability to seamlessly pair a sponsor with individuals coming to the event. By doing so, FAN UP will open the opening to endless brand reach through Social Media via the user, additional in-game/concert advertisement, fan appreciation, and a creative way for each event host to use their event to leverage underutilized sponsorships and promote their brand. Industry Analysis Mobile applications have changed a number of industry landscapes in recent history. This industry shows annual growth projections from 2009-2014 to be 49.8% and from 2013-2018 to be 28.9%. The evidence of this growth is a reason this app will be successful. Competition in the Smartphone Applications Industry is very strong.Because of this, it is important to die the different forces at work within the industry. This chart, information gathered from IBIS World, lays out the industry structure Life Cycle Stage Growth Revenue capriciousness Very high Capital Intensity Low Industry Assistance Low Concentration Level Low Regulation Level Medium engine room Change High Barriers to Entry Low Industry Globalization Low Competition Level High The showtime key external factor in this industry is the number of busy internet connections. As the number of smart phone purchases profits with the number of mobile internet connections in 2014, app developers will have a larger market for their products.Secondly, as demand from e-commerce increases in 2014, retailers have waveed their product lines, the platforms on which they operate, and retailers are evaluate to create more than shop ap ps to assist time-strapped consumers. Next, time spent on leisure and sports represents one of the most key external factors. Time spent on leisure and sports is expected to reducing slowly in 2014, resulting in a potential affright for the industry. While the industry now serves a broad audience, leisure time is a major restrictive factor in a consumers ability to use and purchase smart phone app products. The US Census bureau data re-iterates more of the comparable industry trends. In 2011, U.S. nonfarm businesses with employees spent a total of $289.9 billion on non-capitalized and capitalized information and communication technology (ICT) equipment, including computer software. This represents an increase of 10.6% from 2010. Of the $65.2 billion spent on noncapitalized computer software, $29.9 billion was for purchases and payroll for developing software, an increase of 7.3% from 2010. $35.3 billion was for software licensing and service/maintenance agreements, an increase of $3.9 billion (12.6 percent) from 2010.Although the growth of mobile apps is on the rise, tax income earned from these apps is expected to increase at a slower rate. Over the next five years, consumers are expected to continue wander away from pay-to- transfer apps, forcing developers to embrace the freemium business model that relies on monetizing free downloads after the fact via in-app purchases. By 2019, free downloads are expected to account for about 95.5% of total mobile app store downloads. In the five years to 2019, revenue is expected to experience a 28.9% increase, reaching a total of a $34.7 billion smart phone application industry. Market Analysis The market analysis for FAN UP is atypical of most apps. FAN UP will start by nidus on the target market of Sports Franchises in the US and Concert and Event Promotion in the US. FAN UP will serve Gym, Health and seaworthiness Clubs in the US, Ski and Snowboard Resorts in the US, and Amusement Parks in the US in the blurb ary market. The sports franchise market in the US is comprised of sports teams or clubs that go into in live professional or semiprofessional sporting events (e.g. baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer and other team sports) before a paying audience.This market makes up the first half of the target market. Over the five years to 2013, revenue is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 1.4% to $23.6 billion, and includes a 1.5% increase in 2013 alone. The key external factors for the sports franchise market loosely hold true for the entire scope of the FAN UP market. The external factors include per capita disposable income is expected to increase by 0.8% during 2013, the number of households earning more than $100,000 is expected to increase slowly over 2013, external competition from other sports franchises is expected to increase during 2013 which represents a threat in the industry but not the market, and time spent on leisure and sports is expected to decrease sl owly during 2013. Industry revenue is expected to expand 1.5% in 2013.Also, some franchises are opening new or remodeling existing stadiums to attract more consumers. Concert and Event Promotion in the US is the second half of the target market. This market creates, manages and promotes live performances and events, ranging from concerts and theater performances to state fairs and air shows. This industry has an annual growth projection of 2.6% from 2013-2018 with 49,825 operating businesses. Federal funding for fanciful Arts is the key external factor that deviates from the sports franchises market. Many nonprofit establishments in this industry rely to some extent on federal funding, particularly grants from the guinea pig Endowment for the Arts, an independent agency that Congress established in 1965 to support the arts. Federal funding for creative arts is expected to increase slowly during 2013. This market has a history of good performance even when other industries struggle . Except for moderate wavering in 2010, the economic downturn has done little to monish Americans from attending live concerts and other entertainment events.Over the five years to 2013, industry revenue has grown at an estimated annualized rate of 1.3% to $23.7 billion, including a 3.5% anticipated increase in 2013. Revenue Model FAN UP will create revenue through brokerage fees, reach bonuses, and advertising. This recurring revenues model will be paid by the host of the event (i.e. Carolina Panthers, Live Nation, etc.) for each event in which FAN UP participates. The app will be free from the App Store because, as shown in the data, consumers are increasingly less likely to pay for an app. The brokerage fees are for the access to the apps consumer base. The reach bonus is in place because with more reach, the more the host can charge the sponsor of the FAN UP sponsorship package. The FAN UP pricing will be dynamic in that negotiations must(prenominal) take place with each new pa rtner in order to agree upon the percentage of the FAN UP sponsorship that FAN UP will receive. The determine of the FAN UP sponsorship package will be a negotiation between the event host and the brand.Works Cited 1. IBIS World 2. US Census Bureau 3. http//2012books.lardbucket.org/books/designing-business-information- systems-apps-websites-and-more/s13-industry-analysis-smartphone -a.html 4. http//www.softwareengineerinsider.com/articles/smartphone-app- development.html.UvBroChU6xK 5. http//digby.com/mobile-statistics/

The influence of myths in the lives of man

IntroductionMan is a complex creature, as comp ard to other(a) living organisms that has walked the earth. He is able to act and cooperate with other mass in order to create or do something productive. He is gifted with a rational mind which enables him to make rational judgment and decisions in his everyday life. He was blessed with emotions that enable them to express what they feel, show their appreciation or disgust. Man is complex creature such that he is able to swear something that he doesnt see or he has no proof of its reality. He believes in myths somewhat how he should act or react about something, thus setting it as a standard or as a norm in life.Looking at man and woman, man is verbalize to be the more myth-believer than the woman. Man, an egoistic creature believes and values a lot of things, including abstract principles like chivalry, his big ego and his responsibilities in his life. Males, which generally see themselves, stronger than the females, much take m uch of the responsibilities especially when it comes to his family.It is common to see fathers who choose to work away from the family so that they will be able to supply the needs of his families. custody may consider themselves as superior to women, yet they compensate this claim by shouldering the hard work not because they like to do so, simply because they are compelled to do so, as dictated by their beliefs and personal myths. Men choose to take these responsibilities not because they feel superior, but because of the fact that they are men. Even though men think this way they dont lack fear and respect for women.In Theodore Dreisers short story, he pictured the main character, Rufus Haymaker, as man who has it all when it comes to material things. He lives a wealthy lifestyle, a good job, a house, doesnt go hungry, everything that a man would strive for in his life. But then, Rufus Haymaker is not a happy man. He may have every material thing that a man may wish, but he lac ks happiness. He is not fulfilled, not having lived his life to the fullest. Rufus Haymaker can be considered just like any other person in this world, soul who lacks will power and strength to decide for themselves, thus oftentimes regretting the way things in his life are going.Rufus Haymakers life is a distinctive rags-to-riches story. Because of poverty, he was driven and forced to go out and face the world. In his own, he was able to return a different man, yet he settle down thinks that there was really no change that happened. This resulted to suffering and mental torment, leaving him with the dilemma between duty and desire. Rufus situation is a common myth in men. He would strive hard in order to prove something, in order to excel, yet, in the end he doesnt realize that he already has proven something.He gets so engrossed with work because of his goals, he tends to forget his real reason why is working hard. In the end, he would grow archaic not knowing that he already m et his goal, thus continuing to work hard for it. He wasnt able to live his life to the fullest, because of his sacrifice and fealty to conventions, duty and moral order he has lived an unfulfilled life. Rufus Haymaker already had it all, but because of moral restraints, his moral choice, he has lived an empty life. Rufus Haymaker was held back by his moral choice, because he chose to stick with the norms. He followed obediently, without knowing that it cost him his freedom and happiness.In this story, Rufus Haymaker has a wife. This is another manifestation of his loyalty and obedience to the norms. At that time, the concept of one life, one relish was the norm being followed (Vaz). This became a restraint to Rufus life. He is pretending to be enjoying his life with his wife, but the reality is that he hates every moment of it, that her illness gave him a spark of hope. Her possible death gave Rufus another chance to be free the moment his wife is gone, his attachment to the norm would be gone also, because she will be dead.The concept of one love is already nullified with death. Rufus lived a life at a time when people are bound to conventions, thus keeping them attached to their duty as a person, their beliefs where in they believe that following it means living a rosy-cheeked life. Because of that, these beliefs hindered them from enjoying the real meaning of life, of being free, of seizing the day while it lasts For Rufus Haymaker, there was this feeling of satisfaction with the idea that she is going to die, because in his marriage, he was looking for love and happiness, but with his wife, he never had it. But because of the norm, he remained bounded to his wife, and suffered emotionally.To wrap it up, Rufus Haymaker chance upond the freedom he longed for so many years. But ironically, he did achieve his freedom, yet it didnt make him happy. He found out that he was to old for the life that he was craving, and it was too late for him to find out. Hi s great attachment with the myths and norms make him forget about time, that he was already growing old while waiting for the moment he could be free. Rufus Haymaker, the man who wished that his wife never recover from her illness, will never be happy with the freedom that he was able to get with his wifes death. It was to late for him, because he didnt seize the fortune when it came to him.ReferenceVaz, Teresa Moraes. Irony and Naturalism In Free, by Theodore Dreiser. 1996. February 3 2007. .

Need Statement

X is a socio-cultural organization working for social reformations for over deuce decades. It is a registe flushed NGO, a non-profit organization. Currently, the briny thrust of the organization is drug demand reduction amongst the younger generation. Drug abuse and alcoholism be among major causes for social maladies and they misdirect the young person to antisocial activities and terrorism. The program initiated by X is an exclusive Psycho Analytical Treatment Module, which works on the impart personality of an person (addict). The highlight of our program is proclivity for drugs and alcohol is erased from the mind of the addict. That prevents the relapse, which is the major cause of worry in most of the drug demand reduction program.The drug demand reduction program of X has changed the lives of many individuals, transformed and rehabilitated families. X therefore, wishes to set up a comprehensive centre for de-addiction as it is felt that with growing number of cases, makes hift arrangements are not enough. X wishes to establish a full-fledged preaching centre. Many across the country as well as a sizeable number from oversea have enquired about and have suggested for a proper permanent centre for inpatients, which require treatment for a fairly long period.It is better to have a world united than a world divided solely it s better to have a world divided than a world destroyed, tell Sir Winston Churchill at the time of Second World War At that time, perhaps Mr. Churchill did not think about this untried war, where the youth of all the countries go forth spliff together, the war objective being mutual destruction.Whos fighting whom in this weaponless, ammunition less war of drug-addiction? The most unfortunate aspect of this war is youth are the Commanders and the Generals Thousands are recruited, without sex-bias, to this army of self-annihilation. Mostly, youth partake in this death-march, and one can often hear the beat of the muffled drums, be cause drug death judge among the youth are increasing alarmingly. Youth have another shameful situation to face. Often it is the victims of peddling who are arrested and prosecuted (for solicitation) rather than the traffickers (UNODC-2007)Youth took to the drugs at a very young age, and walked up to the grave That is their achievement in life They have nothing to look forward to in life The moral disperse of the younger generation is the worst thing that can happen to any country and humanity as a whole. Constructive dynamism should be the watchwords for this generation, but they preferred the warmth of the fire-place beside the drug-joints .To provide the complete drug statistics, will mean writing an encyclopedia. The situation is simply mind-boggling.Therefore, the goal of X Organization is to bring total reduction in drug demand among the addicts and transform our drug-afflicted society into a society that is totally liberated from drug and nucleus abuse and make it virtuous ly strong to stand against the related evils under any and all circumstances.It is no use brooding over the statistics, whether drug addicts are 1 million or 10 million The menace has assumed alarming proportions, with no signs of abating. If it is not checked with extra-serious efforts, the disastrous results will be catastrophic Youth are caught in it, and the clutches are too strong. The combustible younger generation is burning itself in the fire of various types of drug addictions.The present efforts do by UNODC, Govt. agencies, medical checkup practitioners and philanthropists in the area of drug demand reduction, are like blocking a furiously advancing avalanche with the fence of straw. Or trying to upset the moon by kite flying Or controlling the rising flood waters of the river by filling pitchers Statistical studies and data are no doubt needed, but it is no use digging the well when the house is on fire. When there is a war, your goal should be to win the war, no subj ect how you do it. The initiatives should be implemented by honest people on a massive scale. The transformation from addiction to de-addiction is like driving a vehicle, in the reverse gearit is slow has to be done with extra careWhen it comes to drug abuse people within a community can be seen as belonging to three different regularises. The three zones can be best compared to a traffic light. People in the green zone are those who do not use drugs presently. Those in the amber zone are the early users, who run a great risk of developing problems. Those in the red zone are persons who are addicted. People in the red zone need treatment that is expensive and requires a lot of effort, and relapses are frequent. Therefore, red zone strategies include detoxification and rehabilitation (UNODC Thematic Pamphlets 9) Majority of the youth addicts are in the red zoneAs already stated, X is a non-profit Organization, just finishing up its expenses through small donations, but it has the s tability and experience of two decades behind it. Some of the philanthropists have been approached and seized of the issue. The activities of the project will be divided into two years. The program chalked out is1. Acquisition and possession of land2. Outpatient department of the de addiction centre will be constructed first to initiate the following activities.a) Specialist and health check Staff.b) Medicine Room.c) Landscaping for Naturopathy.d) Herbal Gardene) Community Education Program.f) Residential facilities for inpatient treatment.Project ImpactThe objective of this treatment is to provide a treatment that treats, cures, detoxifies, recovers and rehabilitates an addict. Also transforms the individual in such a manner that there is a total denial to and abstinence from Drugs, alcohol and any type of substance abuse.With the impact of the project there would be increase in the level of awareness among masses and the stakeholders that there is a technique besides customary m edical techniques that can totally transform and reform an addict into a decent individual and make productive member of the society. Counseling has the dominant role to mutation in the cure of the youth drug-addict. They are, improving study, deepening self-understanding, and solving personal problems, etc.Solutions and interventionTo treat youth drug-addicts is not like the treatment of patients with nipping or headache. Each addict is a special person and his problems are his own and they are quite intriguing. You have to deal with a cluster of problems relating to an individual before he is cured finally. This is a job of great perseverance, apart from the medical knowledge about the treatment. Drug demand reduction is a co-operative effort. several(prenominal) persons are involved in the treatment of a drug addict. The co-operation of the addict is all the more important..Monitoring and EvaluationInternal monitoring and evaluation of the program will be carried out by the Org anization Management, evaluation staff will be appointed and trained.The Fund Utilization Certificate will be made available through a registered Chartered Accountant.ConclusionWhen a drug addict is constantly nagged and abused, condemned and ostracized by society, he turns into a viler and bitter individual. In such cases showering of pity alone will not help much. Heartfelt care and concern, an understanding approach, and tender regard for feelings are necessary prerequisites to heal the inner wounds, the self-inflicted damage. couple with this, everybody involved in the treatment, directly and indirectly, need to learn to forgive and forget the past of the patient in order to help him build a new identity.ReferencesUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-Strategic Programs Framework-South Asia-2005-2007-Priority Problems Page 4United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-Thematic Pamphlets 9Prevention in the Community-Role of a Community Worker.Word keep down1286

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts

The following are the major problems electric shaver were facing It mistakenly tied up the profit, the number of stores, and the sales of machines and ingredients together. Moreover, it was too aggressive. It was hungry to show its perfect performances to investors by beautifying their book value. From non-financial perspective, there are serious drawbacks behind the expanding, and the growing numbers of stores made the K Doughnuts everywhere, which made customers lost their feelings of bangle of It.As the case mentioned, KID raised Its purchase price on the Michigan franchise In order to get the Interest of loans back and KID enter the interest under as an immediate income, profit. In the meanwhile, it booked the cost of buyback the franchise and the payment to the executive as an intangible asset, which the company did not amortize. In my opinion, the interest should be recorded under equity and the cost and payment could be booked as properties, cost, or at least they deficie ncy to be amortized.KID got the interest from the franchise and successfully raised Its revenue to attract Investors but it in fact sacrificed Its hardliners benefits by offering an over value buy prize. Moreover, keeping the previous executive till the trade closed and giving a huge amount of compensation even ups me wonder if there was an inside trade. queer 1, 2& 3 shows the unhealthy growth of KID. Compared to the growth of total revenues in the whole company, revenue that each stores contributed (total revenue/ total factory stores) was not change magnitude accordingly.On the contrary, the expansion of stores brought the corporation risque expenses and venture. The cost of opening a new store, aqualung It and close It was paid in vain. The number of stores grew too quickly. The exhibit in like manner shows the abnormal high value of have a bun in the oven-price patterns compared to the S 500 Composite Index but it was finally down to the earth in the end of 2004 influenc ed by the divesting of Montana mill about and closing down of 3 underperformed stores.Viewing the company structure, revenues were generated from on-premises retail sales at company-owned stores ( business relationship for 27% of revenues) off-premises sales to grocery and convenience stores (40%) manufacturing and distribution of product mix and machinery (29%1 and franchi construe loyalties and fees (4%). Actually, the ideal revenue resources of this kind of corporation should brinyly come from the franchisee royalties and fees but not from distribution of mix and machine. The company so-called to boost the sales of its main product doughnuts but not to expansion blindly.Once its doughnuts become popular and profitable, spate will be willing to get In to the business and pay KID franchisee royalties and fees. However, the realistic was many units were losing money off-premises, and franchisees were not motivated to grow their sales, which fleets a governance problem in this cor porate that the company itself did not has mutual benefits with its franchisees. The gestate price of KID was fluctuated severely in recent years and the suggestions of buy, sell or hold from analysts were closely related to the stock price and scandal. ND January 2005, when the stock price was at its peak, at 22. 51 dollars per share (first under estimate), at 15. 71 dollars per share (divested Montana Mills) and at less than 10 dollars per share (credit-facility defaulted). crisp Seekers share price was $40. 63 right after its PIP, giving the firm a market capitalization of nearly $500 lions. The stock price office be over valued at first because KID was so popular at the time and therefore the public drove up the price. after(prenominal) a series of problem, the company restated its financial statements for the PAYOFF, which reduced pretax income by between $6. Million and $8. 1 million. This movement sharply decreased the tax expenses of the company, which is proved by items of income before income taxes, provision for income taxes and income taxes refundable in break 2. It is strange that given a large amount of amortized intangible asset, the company still ad a high level of tax shield as shows in the depreciation and amortization expenses from submit 1 . Thus, the company might be showing a high profit for investors but lower income for tax purposes, changing the treatment of amortization between the two.This practice violated the requests and rules in GAP. Knowing the accounting tricks that KID was playing, people can approximately calculate its book value by amortizing its asset, increasing its cost and tax, which leads to a deduction of profit. Influenced by the divesting of Montana Mills, the interest expenses, income tax refundable, long notes receivable, Joint venture ND intangible in 2004 increased dramatically and the share price dipped compared to them in 2003 as we can see from the Exhibit 1&2.However, it is odd that the interest expen se raised so much when then the long-term debt decreased. Furthermore, from the Debit-to- equity ratio in Exhibit 7, we can see that the level of debt and financial distress went down in 2004. Therefore, guess is that the company might use the total long-term liabilities in calculating the interest expenses in order to have more tax benefits. As its known to all that the higher the ratio of liquidity, average, activity and profitability are the better the companys situation is in.Compared to early(a) quick-service restaurants in Exhibits, only the receivables turnover and inventory turnover of KID was slightly lower than the average, which means the corporation was not performing absolutely badly. And in Exhibit 9, when comparing to average restaurant, Kids cash & equivalents, notes payable, long-term debt, income taxes payable, all other current were much more lower and the trade receivables, intangibles, deferred taxes and shareholders equity were higher than the common stores.Un expectedly, the scratch income of KID on May 9, 2004 was negative 24,458, but it went up to positive 5,763 three months later on August 1, 2004. How could the situation be turned well-nigh in such a short time? As a matter of fact, an over-valued stock price will eventually go down to what it supposed to be in a high efficient market. This is one of the reasons that the bubble of the stock broke and the price slumped. Along with the revelation about the companys franchise accounting practices and the wrong operating methods, they explained the devalued of its stock.I think the doughnuts company should not rely heir profit on the sales of high margin machines but to make its actual product (signature doughnuts) better since it contributed around 60% to the total sales. In the meanwhile, KID should inherit its factory style, which provides newly baked fresh healthy gallery among people influenced the sales of its products, improve their ingredients or explore new recipes are necessa ry. Furthermore, through research and sufficient preparation are important before exploring oversea market or expansion. KID already had its brand, goodwill and own steady customer group, it still has a chance to fight back.

Troy v, Iliad

Guidelines for the Comparative analysis of the characterization Troy and The Iliad Your comparative essay should be typed in single space paragraphing (font 12 Times New Roman) and it should be at least 500 words. (I will use the word count feature in Microsoft Word to check the routine of words. ) Try non to exceed 1000 words at most. Your essay should be the result of your make contemplations, observations and conclusions. You brook read other sources for this as shortenment nevertheless you should not copy at any form or to any degree the sources you have read.You can just use the ideas gained through sources in your own words. If you do so, however, you should definitely cite the references to your sources. In case you use a source and forget to cite it or even worse if you copy from a source the score for your paper will be zero. So please beware of intentional or unintentaional plagiarism. In writing up the paper for the first time watch the movie completely and if neede d take notes. (The DVD of the movie is provided to you. )Then, compare what you have seen with what you have read and try to find out the reasons for the differences.The followinig notes whitethorn help you ?Note the changes in value systems in the past and present ?Note the reasons for the changes and modifications that have taken place in the creation of the movie. (including commercial, political, values, ) ?Focus on justification premises for the atrocities and savagery that is depicted as valor and courage in the Iliad. ?Explore the contributions (messages) that the two works make to human culture in their own context.Iliad vs. Troy Movie. Neither Athena with her matchless wisdom, nor Apollo with his talent of prophecy, could foretell that someday Prometheuss fragile creature, human, would become rude in a cuticle that not only would turn his back to the paragons, but also would distort their presence and effects in the human history. Briseis Well, then your men did. The sun god will have his vengeance. Achilles Whats he waiting for? Briseis The right time to strike. Achilles His priests are dead, and his acolytes a captive.I think your god is afraid of me? Briseis Afraid? Apollo is master of the sun, he fears nothing. Achilles Where is he? (Troy) The movie Troy, which is an adaptation of bell ringers Iliad, is an obvious twist of it, both historically and literarily. There are numerous differences between them that can be observed and revealed. Here, I am going to highlight some of inordinate modifications of Homers Iliad in Wolfgang Petersens Troy and, then, try to go beyond the surface to discover the reasons for such changes.The movie duration is about 163 ss and it takes 50 minutes to reach to the starting point of the Iliad. Although in that location are, also, some(prenominal) rotations of the classical myths events in the first 50 minutes that even an amateur classic mythology reader can remark it fallacies, I will not embark that domain. I will just refer to the changes that are in contrary with the Iliad and can be retrieved by the information that Homer presents. For instance, in the Iliad we see that it was genus Pariss doom to go to Sparta and fall in love with Helen.But the movie gives no account for the background of the story and the destinations role. some other incident which is not mentioned in the Iliad is Achilless rapid action to siege the beach of Troy and invading Apollos temple. The major modification of the Iliad is the absence of Gods in the movie. There is no information about them but some names that elder characters mention and some statues. The only Goddess that we can see in the movie is Thetis, Achilless mother, who is a nymph according to the Iliad, half human, half fish.But the director of the movie does not want to put emphasis on the divinity part and although Achilles meets her in the water, picturing her fish part is cleverly avoided by the director. Apollo in the movie is just a wretc hed God who is not fitting to avenge the offence that Myrmidons have done to him. In the minute 42 of the story, Achilles beheads Apollos statue. While in the Iliad, Achilles respects Gods and makes sacrifices for them. In another scene, in the minute 29, while Hector is urging Priam, his father, to return Helen to Sparta to avoid a war, Priam tells him not to worry because, Apollo watches over us.Even Agamemnon is no match for the Gods. (Troy) But Hector replies, And how more battalions does the Sun God command? (Troy) This is not the only place in the movie that Hector, who is protected and respected by gods in the Iliad and highly believes in them, mocks the gods. It happens once more in minute 54 of the movie when the high priest announces that two farmers have seen an eagle with a serpent in its talons, a good sign from Apollo. Hector mocks the priest and saying, you want to plan a strategy based on bird signs? He concludes from Apollos inability to take vengeance on Achilles for insulting his statue and says, The gods wont fight this war for us (Troy). The whole story is in contrary with the Iliad, because it is indicated that the Trojans see that sign while trying to push back back the Achaean host to their ships, and predict it as a bad omen from Zeus who is the owner of the eagle, though. Moreover, in the Iliad, it is gods war more than humans. It seems that there is an intention beyond these manners of mocking gods by two of the best characters who the audience would love best and sympathize with.First assumption would be that the director of the movie wanted to make a realistic shot of the Iliad. But, after deepening in the story, another assumption may be that the director does not believe in Gods or divinity at all and try to inject his view through his best characters and he is doing this cleverly. intimately in the first scene that we see Achilles, when the messenger boy asks if the stories about him is true and if he cannot be killed, Achil les responds, I wouldnt be bothering with the shield then, would I? (Troy) a very logical and clever way to wipe out tendencies of believing in divinity from audiences mind in the beginning of the story and to call down the skeptic generation of 21st century Another major difference between Iliad and the movie is again in the process of adaptation of the Iliad according to the relish of the audience. Every Iliad reader can understand in a glance that the honor codes and bravery values of those days is in contrary with todays. The most ruin and slaughtering characters were the most praised heroes of the Iliad.Achilles, Hector, Ajax and Diomede were a few samples of ancient world heroes. But, is it possible to experience those animalistic brutalities within Iliad these days and expect to attract people to pay for reflection it? Of course not Instead, we need to show a sentimental view of our heroes, heroes who despise war heroes who are sorry for killing people. For instance, Hec tor while reversive from Sparta provokes Paris who wants to fight with Menelaus and says that, there is nothing glorious about it, nothing poetic (Troy).But it is indeed glorious in the Iliad to fight. In fact Homer calls Hector the pair of bloodthirsty Mars as an honor. On the other hand, we need a kind, loving and caring Achilles with a masculine attractive lick to attract more audience. What about softening the violence with some romance scenes to guarantee our investment, no matter what was the story and what was the truth. So, lets dismiss Diomede who is a brutal killer, kill Ajax and Menelaus at the beginning, and omit Aeneas and so many other valiant heroes to make the story more appealing and brief.But, lets picture Agamemnon as he was to make people despise him. So tricky Simply put, it seems that cinematographs own a mightier weapon that Zeuss thunder dash and Poseidons trident by which have sent myth gods and their offspring to the underworld. But, what if someday, the y claim war against Semitic or early religions God? What if they twist the reality and commit that in a colorful tempting way to the people? (As Islamic Republic of Iran does it in regard to Bahai faith). Do the audiences of those movies would accept what is being presented or investigate after the truth?

Medical Immunology

medical checkup IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY Terence L. Eday, RMT, MT(ASCPi), MPH College of Medical Technology / Medical Laboratory Science University of Perpetual Help scheme DALTA diachronic Perspective 1773, Voltaire reported on an ancient Chinese custom where dried and powdered small pox scabs were inhaled 1798, Edward Anthony Jenner, Smallpox vaccination 1862, Ernst Haekel, Recognition of phagocytosis 1877, Paul Erlich, acknowledgment of mast stallular telephones historical Perspective 1879, Louis Pasteur, Attennuated chicken cholera vaccinum development 1883, Ellie Metchnikoff developed the cellular scheme of immunity through phagocytosis phagocytic speculation cellular theory of vaccination 1885, Pasteur discovered therapeutic vaccination first report of live attenuated vaccine for lunacy diachronic Perspective 1888, Pierre Roux & Alexander Yersin, Bacterial toxins (Yersinia pestis) 1888, George Nuttall, Bactericidal action of blood 1890, Emil von Behring and Ki tasata introduced passive immunisation into modern medicine humoral theory of immunity 1891, Robert Koch demonstrated the cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity 1894, Richard Pfeiffer, Bacteriolysis Historical Perspective (1 of 6 ) 1895, Jules Bordet, Complement and antibody application in bacteriolysis 1900, Paul Ehrlich, responsible for the antibody formation theory 1901, Karl Landsteiner, A, B, and O 1901-8, Carl Jensen & Leo Loeb, transplantable tumors 1902, Paul Portier & Charles Richet, Anaphylaxis Historical Perspective (1 of 6 ) 1903, Nicolas Maurice Arthus, discovered the Arthus chemical reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity 1903, Almroth Wright and Stewart Douglas observed the humoral component, opsonin 1906, Clemens von Pirquet, coined the word allergy 1907, Svante Arrhenius, coined the term immunochemistryHistorical Perspective 1910, Emil von Dungern, & Ludwik Hirszfeld, Inheritance of ABO blood groups 1910, Peyton Rous, Viral immunology theory 191 4, Cl bence Little, Genetics theory of tumor transplantation 1915-20, Leonll Strong & Cl arnce Little, Inbred mouse strains Historical Perspective 1917, Karl Landsteiner, Haptens 1921, Carl Prausnitz & Heinz Kustner, Cutaneous reactions 1924, L. Aschoff, Reticuloendothelial establishment 1926, Loyd Felton & GH Bailey, isolation of pure antibody preparation 1938, John Marrack, Antigen-antibody binding hypothesis Historical Perspective 1936, Peter Gorer, Identification of the H2 antigen in mice 1940, Karl Landsteiner & Alexander Weiner, Identification of the Rh Antigens 1941, Albert Coons, Immunofluorescence technique 1942, Jules Freund & Katherine McDermott, Adjuvants 1942, Karl Landsteiner & Merill Chase, Cellular transfer of sensitivity in guinea pigs (anaphylaxis) Historical Perspective 1944, Peter Medwar, Immunological hypothesis of allograft rejection 1948, Astrid Fagraeus, Demonstration of antibody output in plasma B cells 1948, George Snell, Congenic mouse line s 1949, Macfarlane Burnet & Frank Fenner, Immunological tolerance hypothesisHistorical Perspective 1950, Richard Gershon and K Kondo, Discovery of supressor T cells 1952, Ogden and Bruton, discovery of agammaglobulinemia (antibody immunodeficiency) 1953, Morton Simonsen and WJ Dempster, Graft-versus-host reaction 1953, James Riley & Geoffrey West, Discovery of histamine in mast cells Historical Perspective 1953, Rupert Billingham, Leslie Brent, Peter Medwar, & Milan Hasek, Immunological tolerance hypothesis 1955-1959, Niels Jerne, David Talmage, Macfarlane Burnet, clonal Selection Theory 1957, Ernest Witebsky et all. Induction of autoimmunity in animals 1957, Alik Isaacs & Jean Lindemann, Discovery of interferon (cytokine) Historical Perspective 1958-62, Jean Dausset et al. , serviceman leukocyte antigens 1959-62, Rodney Porter et al. , Discovery of antibody structure 1959, James Gowans, Lympocyte circulation 1961-62, Jaques Miller et al. , Discovery of thymus involvem ent in cellular immunity 1961-62, Noel Warner et al. , Disctinction of cellular and humoral resistant retort Historical Perspective 1963, Jacques Oudin et al. Antibody isotypes 1964-68, Anthony Davis et al. , T and B cell cooperation in immune response 1965, Thomas Tomasi et al. , Secretory immunoglobulin antibodies 1967, Kimishige Ishizaka et al. , Identification of IgE as the reaginic antibody Historical Perspective 1971, Donald Bailey, Recombinant inbred mouse strains 1972, Gerald M. Edelman & Rodney Porter, Identification of antibody molecule 1974, Rolf Zinkernagel & Peter Doherty, MHC restriction 1975, Kohler and Milstein, First monoclonal antibodies apply in elementtic analysisHistorical Perspective 1984, Robert Good, Failed treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID, David the bubble boy) by bone total grafting 1985, Tonegawa, Hood et al. , Identification of immunoglobulin genes 1985-1987, Leroy Hood et al. , Identification of genes for the T cell re ceptor 1986, monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine Historical Perspective 1986, Mosmann, Th1 versus Th2 model of T-helper-cell region 1990, Yamamoto et al. Molecular differences between the genes for blood groups O and A and between those for A and B 1990, NIH team, Gene therapy for SCID using cultured T cells 1993, NIH team, interposition of SCID using genetically altered umbilical cord cells Historical Perspective 1996-1998, Identification of toll-like receptors 2001, FOXP3, the gene directing regulatory-T-cell development 2005, Frazer, Development of human papilloma-virus vaccine The tolerant SYTEM What is Immunology? Study of the molecules, cells, organs, and establishments responsible for the recognition and governing of foreign (nonself) material ow body components respond and interact desirable and undesirable consequences of immune interactions ways in which the immune system can be advantageously manipulated to protect against or treat disease What is opposition ? Latin word immunitas, freedom from It refers to all mechanisms used by the body as protection against env urge onmental agents that are foreign to the body. Can be either natural ( native or inborn) or acquired (adaptive) Function of the insubordinate System Recognize self from nonself Defend the body against nonself Physiologic function is to prevent contagious disease and to reverse established infections (sterilizing immunity) Key Characteristics of the resistant System indwelling immunity Primary response Secondary response and immunologic memory resistant response is super specific repellent system is tolerant of self-antigens Immune responses against self-antigens can result in autoimmune diseases Immune responses against infectious agents do not always conduce to elimination of the pathogen (HIV/AIDS) Major Principles of Immunity (immune response) Elimination of many microbial agents through the nonspecific protective mechanisms of the innate immune syste m. Cues from the innate immune system inform the cells of the adaptive immune system as to whether it is sequester to make a response and what type of response to make. Major Principles of Immunity (immune response) Cells of the adaptive immune system display exquisitely specific recognition of foreign antigens and mobilize potent mechanisms for elimination of microbes bearing such antigens. The immune system displays memory of its previous responses. Tolerance of self-antigens. Cells of the Immune System Lymphocytes occupy the central give determines the specificity of immunity Dendritic cells (DCs) & Langerhan cells Monocyte/macrophages Natural killer (NK) cells Neutrophils Mast cells & Basophils Eosinophils Epithelial and stromal cells provides anatomic env agitatement (secretion of critical factors that regulate migration, offshoot and homeostasis) Lymphoid Tissues and Organs Primary Lymphoid Organs Sites where pre-B and pre-T lymphocytes mature into naive T and B cells in the absence of foreign antigen Fetal Liver, Adult bone marrow, and thymus The INNATE IMMUNE SYTEM INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM relies on germ line-encoded receptors to detect a limited set of microbial structures that are uniquely associated with microbial infection not a function of a single defined physiologic system rather, it is a carrefour of multiple and diverse demurrer mechanisms Modules of the intrinsic Immune System Surface epithelium The phagocyte system critical for the defense against both intracellular and extracellular bacterium as tumesce as fungal pathogens aided by opsonins Acute phase response and complement variety of secreted proteins that function in the circulation and in tissue fluids secreted by the hepatocytes in response to the inflammatory cytokines IL1 and IL-6 Modules of the Innate Immune System Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized in the elimination of infected host cells and in aiding defense against viral and other intracellula r infections through production of cytokines(IFN-? regulated by type I interferons (IFN-? /? ) Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils are specialized in defense against multicellular parasites, such as helminthes regulated by several cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 Strategies of Innate Immune Recognition 1. Recognition of microbial nonself referred to as pattern recognition, based on the recognition of molecular structures that are unique to microorganisms and not produced by the host 2.Recognition of missing self based on the recognition of molecules expressed only on normal, uninfected cells of the host Targets of Innate Immune Recognition PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) molecular structures produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host organism PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) receptors of the innate immune system and represents targets of the innate immune system Targets of Innate Immune Recognition Examples of PAMPs include ( 1) LPS of gram-negative bacteria (2) LTA of gram-positive bacteria (3) Peptidoglycans (4) Lipoproteins of bacteria (cell wall) (5) Lipoarabinomannan of mycobacteria (6) dsRNA produced by virus during the infection cycle (7) ? -glucans and mannans found in fungal cell wall Receptors of the Innate Immune System freehanded categories of PRRs (1) PRRs that signal the presence of infection expressed on the cell surface or intracellularly Categories of gene products a. proteins and peptides that have direct antimicrobial effecter functions (antimicrobial peptides and lysozyme) b. nflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-8) c. gene products that control activation of the adaptive immune response (MHC, CD80/CD86, IL-12) Receptors of the Innate Immune System Broad categories of PRRs (2) Phagocytic (or endocytic) PRRs expressed on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells(DCs) (3) Secreted PRRs (mannan-binding lectin and peptidoglycan-recognition proteins Func tion a. activate complement b. opsonize microbials cells to expedite their phagocytosis c. ccessory proteins for PAMP recognition by trans membrane receptors (TLR) Receptors of the Innate Immune System Toll-like Receptors comprise a family of type 1 transmembrane receptors characterized by leucine rich repeats (LRRs) in the extracellular portion and an intracellular TIR (Toll/IL-1 receptor) domain grouped into two classes (1) TLRs 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are expressed on the plasma membrane and detect bacterial and fungal cell wall components (2) TLRs 3, 7, and 9 are expressed in endosomal compartments and recognize viral nucleic acidsToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed predominantly in the cells of the immune system, including macrophages, DC, neutrophils, mast cells, and B cells also expressed on endothelial cells, fibroblasts, surface epithelial cells, and muscle cell Signal transducing receptor for LPS, heat sensitive protein associated with the cell walls of MTB Together wit h CD14 shown to mediate responsiveness to the fusion (F) protein of RSVToll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) Involved in recognition of LTA and peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein, mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan, a phenol-soluble modulin from S. epidermidis, zymosan of yeast cell walls, and lipoglycosylphosphotidylinositol T. cruzi likewise shown to recognize two kinds of atypical LPS L. interrogans and Porphyromonas gingivitis Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) Receptor for dsRNA Can mediate responses to poly(IC) explicit on DCs, macrophages, and surface epithelial cells, including instestinal epithelium Also expressed in CD8+ DCs Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) Involved in viral recognition and both detect nucleic acids together with TLR9 Recognizes viral ssRNA (derived from RNA viruses) TLR9 (unmethylated DNA derived from DNA viruses) Expressed primarily on plasmacytoid dendritic cells Activated by small antiviral compunds, e. g. imiqu inoid TLR7-mediated recognition takes place interior the late lyso just abouts Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) Involved in the antiviral host defense especially on recognition of DNA viruses (HSV) Expressed in type-I INF-producing plasmacytoid DCs Phagocytic Receptors Scavenger receptors cell-surface glycoproteins that are defined by their aptitude to bind to modified LDL Macrophage Mannose Receptor (MR) type I transmembrane protein expressed primarily in macrophages entangled in phagocytosis of bacterial (MTB, P. eruginosa, K. pneumonia), fungal (S. cerevisae, C. albicans), and protozoan pathogens (P. carinii) Cells of the Innate Immune System Macrophages most central and ingrained functions and have multiple roles in host defense (e. i. housekeeping functions) in red pulp of the spleen, it phagocytose and disengage from circulation senescent RBCs Neutrophils Mast Cells best known effecters of allergic response protective role is by rapid production of TNF-? nd leukotri ene B4 (neutrophil recruitement) Cells of the Innate Immune System Eosinophils found primarily in the respiratory, intestinal, and genitourinary tracts contains cationic effector proteins toxic to parasitic worms poor phagocytes Dendritic Cells immature DCs reside in peripheral tissues and are highly active in macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis expresses PRRs and TLRs have roles in the initiation of adaptive immune response Cells of the Innate Immune System Suface Epithelium lines the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts provide an important physical barrier The Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System The Major Categories of Antimicrobial Effector Enzymes that hydrolyze components of microbial cell walls Antimicrobial proteins and petides that decompose the integrity of microbial cell walls Lysozyme Chitinases Phospholipase A2 BPI Defensins Cathelicidins Complement Eosinophil cationic protein Microbicidal ser ine proteasesProteins that sequester iron and zinc Enzymes that generate toxic oxygen and nitrogen derivatives Seprocidins Lactoferrin NRAMP calprotein Phagocytic oxidase Nitric oxide synthase myeloperoxidase The Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System Lysozyme a. k. a. muramidase degrades the peptidoglycan of some gram(+) bacteria highly concentrated in secretions such as tears and saliva Chitinases enzymes that degrade chitin secreted by activated macrophages and presumably play a role in antifungal defenseThe Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System Defensins cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against gram(+) and gram(-) bacteria, fungus kingdom, parasites, and some envelope viruses kill microorganisms by forming pores in the membranes divided into ? and ? defensins ? -defensins presynthesized and stored in granules of neutrophils and Paneth cells of the small intestine ? -defensins produced by epithelial cells an d not stored in cytoplasmic granulesThe Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System Cathelicidins active against gram(+) and gram(-) bacteria and fungi produced in neutrophils and stored as inactive proproteins in the secondary granules Serprocedins comprise a family of cationic serine proteases with antimicrobial activity (neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and azurocidin) exert its antimicrobial activity by either perturbation of microbial membranes or by proteolysisThe Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System Lactoferrin, NRAMP, and Calprotectin antimicrobial activities are due to the ability to sequester iron and zinc Lactoferrin found in the secondary granules of neutrophils, in epithelial secretions (e. i. breast milk), in the intestinal epithelium of infants, and in airway fluids bacteriostatic (iron sequestration) and bacteriocidal (perturbation of microbial membranes) The Effector Mechanisms of the Innate Immune System NRAMP (natural resistan ce-associated macrophage protein) integral membrane protein that functions as an ion pump in the phagocytic vacuoles of macrophage and neutrophils Calprotectin member of the family of calciumbinding proteins microbial activity is by chelation and sequestration of zinc ion ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS Soluble factors which are normal constituents that increase or decrease rapidly as produ Not a function of a single defined physiologic system rather, it is a product of multiple and diverse defense mechanisms

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 26

Weathering the Relative SqualorWhen I call for to see Jakes married couple pictures, my yield plays dumb. What wedding pictures? she asks. But when I reveal her I realise met Caitlin that we had tiffin together and I have already accepted my sister-in-laws existence as fact my mother looks protruding and orders, Well then, I guess I can hang up the wedding photos again.She leaves me sitting in the living room by the fireplace. When she returns, she hands me a heavy photo record album bound in white leather and begins to stand large frames up on the macrocosmtel pictures of Jake and Caitlin previously hidden for my benefit. As I flip through the pages of my brothers wedding album, mama also hangs up a few portraits of Jake and Caitlin on the walls. It was a beautiful day, Pat. We all wished you were there.The massive cathedral and the plush reception hall suggest that Caitlins family essential have what Danny calls gruesome cheddar, so I ask what Caitlins laminitis d oes for a living.For years he was a violinist for the New York Philharmonic, but now he teaches at Juilliard. Music theory. Whatever that means. Mom has undone hanging the framed pictures, and she sits next to me on the couch. Caitlins parents are nice people, but theyre not really our merciful of people, which became painfully obvious during the reception. How do I look in the pictures?In the photos, my mother wears a umber brown dress and a bloodred sash over naked shoulders. Her lipstick matches the sash perfectly, but it looks as if she has on too much eye makeup, making her look sort of like a raccoon. On the plus side, her hair is in what Nikki used to call a classic updo and looks pretty good, so I tell Mom she photographs puff up, which makes her smile.Tension occupies my fathers face he does not look comfortable in all of the pictures, so I ask if he approves of Caitlin.Shes from a different world as far as your fathers concerned, and he did not enjoy interacting with h er parents at all but hes happy for Jake, in his own non-expressive way, Mom says. He understands that Caitlin makes your brother happy.This gets me thinking about(predicate) how strange my father was at my own wedding, refusing to speak to anyone unless he was spoken to first and then consequenceing everyone with monosyllabic responses. I remember being mad at my father during the rehearsal dinner because he would not even look at Nikki, let totally interact with her family. I remember my mother and brother telling me that Dad did not deal well with change, but their explanation meant nothing to me until the next day.Halfway through the Mass, the priest asked the congregation if they would hold Nikki and me up in their prayers, and as instructed, we turned to face the response. I instinctively looked toward my parents, curious to see if my father would say the words we will like he was supposed to, chanting along with everyone else, and this is when I saw him wiping his eyeba ll with a tissue and biting down on his lower lip. His whole body was trembling slightly, as if he were an old man. It was the strangest sight, my father let loose during a wedding that had seemed to make him so annoyed. The very man who never showed any emotions other than anger was crying. I kept staring at my father, and when it became obvious that I was not going to turn back toward the priest, Jake who was my best man had to give me a little poke at to break the spell.Sitting on the couch with my mother, I ask her, When were Caitlin and Jake married?My mother looks at me strangely. She doesnt want to mention the age.I know it happened when I was in the bad place, and I also know that I was in the bad place for years. Ive accepted that much.Are you sure you really want to know the date?I can handle it, Mom. She looks at me for a second, trying to decide what to do, and then says, The summer of 2004. direful seventh. Theyve been married for just over two years now.Who paid for the wedding photos?My mother laughs. Are you kidding me? Your father and I never could have afforded that fancy sort of wedding album. Caitlins parents were very generous, putting together the album for us and allowing us to blow up whatever photos we wanted and Did they give you the negatives?Why would they give us She must see the look on my face, because Mom stops speaking immediately.Then how did you replace the photos aft(prenominal) that burglar came and stole all the framed photos in the house?Mother is thinking how best to answer as I wait for her response she begins chewing on the inside of her cheek the way she sometimes does when she is anxious. After a second, she calmly says, I called up Caitlins mother, told her about the burglary, and she had copies made that very week.Then how do you explain these? I say just before pulling framed wedding pictures of Nikki and me out from bottomland the pillow at the far end of the love seat. When my mother says nothing, I st and and return my wedding picture to its rightful place on the mantel. Then on the wall by the front window I rehang the picture of my immediate family gathered around Nikki in her wedding dress her white build up spilling out across the grass toward the camera. I found the Pat box, Mom. If you really hate Nikki so much, just tell me, and Ill hang the pictures up in the attic, where I sleep.Mom doesnt say anything.Do you hate Nikki? And if so, why?My mother will not look at me. Shes running her hands through her hair.Why did you lie to me? What else have you lie about?Im sorry, Pat. But I lied to Mom does not tell me why she lied instead she starts to cry again.For a very long time, I look out the window and survey at the neighbors house across the street. Part of me wants to comfort my mother to sit down next to her and riff an arm over her shoulders, especially since I know my father has not talked to her in more than a week and is happily eating takeout three times a day, d oing his own laundry, and weathering the relative squalor. I have caught Mom cleaning here and there, and I know she is a little upset about her plan not working out like she hoped it would. But I am also mad at my mother for lying to me, and even though I am practicing being kind rather than right, I cant find it in me to comfort her right now.Finally I leave Mom crying on the couch. I change, and when I go outside for a run, Tiffany is waiting.

Energy transference at hypersonic velocities

Im pretty sure we have had this discussion before so Ive got one of my old copycats from a previous thread. Force travels through red-blooded objects at roughly the hasten of sound in that object, if you force a piece of an object to move at greater than the reanimate of sound through that medium it will simply tear whatever is holding it together without transmission force to the surrounding structure. His gives a kind of hole punch effect If the dynamical Is moving straightaway than the speed of sound In the target. The maximum known speed of mound is about 1 km/s in diamond, given that a dreaded shot moves at about Kim/s it is salutary to assume that accouterments anti going to do sit. Given the momentum behind the small type slug it should remain above the speed of sound in diamond until (keg*Kim/s/km/s) the total tidy sum of depend it has punched through reaches 5. 3 tones.Second, things heat up when they be compressed as given by the perfect gas law (at these energy densities it is close enough for our purposes despite everything being solid) so when the projectile gets compressed it heats up, if it heats up to the correct bevel it melts, vaporizes and turns into plasma, that depends on the energy densities present (FUSION). So when a solid slug hits the armor the first thing which will happen Is that the slug punches a hole impertinent through the armor, no ifs, no buts.Then the hale wave begins to propagate through both the armor compile which has been torn out and the projectile, the amount of pressure in this wave is so immensely fugue that the matter instantly becomes plasma shortly followed by becoming a angular fireball. The only question left(p) is how far does the projectile reach inside the beam until you suffer top modeling It as a projectile and have to start modeling It as a nuke. He Irony here Is that armor essentially contains the fireball Inside the vessel Instead of keeping it on the outside. This is also why whippier sh ields are effective, the small layer of matter makes a hyper velocity impact under go the pressure bring forth explosion and become a far less damaging gas which Is then repelled by the material armor of the vessel. Than weapons are a whole different ballgame. Nationally what comes out of a Than weapon can be considered a mass driver slug (the fact that it is molten doesnt tater, the impact velocity is so far beyond the speed of sound in the target and projectile that its irrelevant) but in this eccentric person instead of being a CACM presbyopic cylinder or even a Javelin It is a hanker thin wire which probably only has a cross section measured In tenths of millimeters and a length In the hundreds of meters. ND punches a hole, the pressure wave propagates back through the projectile, as the pressure wave passes it explodes with the force of a nuclear weapon. So far normal. BUT Because the projectile is so long and traveling orders of magnitude faster than its peed of sound, on ce the front end explodes it leaves relatively clear (exploded) space for the neighboring section of the projectile to pass through anus strike deeper into the target, Just like a pulsed laser or a multiple impact kinetic weapon like metal storm. His happens everywhere and over and over again, the end effect is that a Than weapon will punch clean through a ship and out the other side which leaves a nice neat little hole.

Skinner theory of education

The work on experimental psychology and advocated styleism, that explains air as a function of environmental histories of experiencing consequences. Skinner also wrote a number of controversial works in which he proposed the widespread use of psychological behavior alteration techniques, primarily operant conditioning, in order to improve society and increase human happiness and as a form of social engineering. These things argon acknowledged by James E. Mazur (2006).Moreover, his experiment gain more attention because it can also be applied to human behavior in everyday life. Skinners display that there are many factors influence in human behavior like basic typesetters case of learning such as classical conditioning, and complex learned behaviors such as language. In factors mention, fix and penalization control and play a majority of human behavior that was explain in operant conditioning. This operant conditioning is mostly used in varied schools to determine responses of human behavior. The succeeding discussions lead elaborate B. F.Skinners scheme of Psychological mienism as Theory of Education in analyse observable behaviors of a person relating them to previous stimuli that the teachers have encountered in classroom and encourage inclinationd behavior and discouraged un pronenessd behavior using the modes that have relevant to classroom application likeContracts.Consequences/Reinforcements.punishment.Behavior registration Psychological Behaviorism BF Skinner believed that behaviourism subsistence of perception can be traced back to the earliest eld of fallacy and unexplained and is useless (Gene Zimmer 1999).Task of Psychological Behaviorism According to Watson, J. (1913), the task of psychological behaviorism is to identify kinds of connection, recognize how environment events manage behavior, determine and clarify basic regularities or laws or in operation(p) relations which direct the structure of associations, and foresee how perf ormance will change as the environment changes. It is inwrought that one should understand the methods attributing behavior of students in the classroom that teachers may encounter.ContractsBased on the research of Parent baby carriage Plan (2004), a resolve is a written agreement between the student and a teacher that is directed toward changing the youngsters behavior. Giving emphasis on desired behavior of a student and offering incentives to the student to increase the occurrence of the desired behavior. This will motivate the most sturdy child to behave unconditionally in a proper manner. The term and conditions outlines, time and amount of limitation, beef up to be administered are laid down on the contract design. Sample of contract Excerpted from Behavior vigilance Advice Site (2002)Results of Parent Coach Plan research explained that this contract will suspensor the child dealing responsibility properly and gain trust from teachers and parents as well. It will also build childs creativeness in doing tasks without being supervised and the child acts in accordance with the rules set by the teachers for them to answer positively. The positive response of the students will also depend on the reinforcement given by the teacher. Consequences/Reinforcements The contract designs between the students and the teacher has something to do with the reinforcement given by the teacher.In education, behaviorisms have effectively embraced the system of reinforce and punishments in their classrooms by rewarding positive behaviors and punishing negative ones. Reinforcement is the principal(prenominal) factor in Skinners R-R theory. There are several kinds of reinforcements that can strengthen the students positive response. It could be praiseful the child in succeederfully accomplishing a task on time, a good grade for doing plant answer or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction or cock-a-hoop chocolate to a positive response shown.This me thod has been proven effective as tested agree to B. Skinner. People will behave and do good things because they know what it brings and expects to receive something good out of it. corresponding for example, if the students study hard, they have a better chance of garnering high scores or grades. Another, if they will follow their parents, they will receive rewards from their parents in terms may be by receiving higher allowance. This describes the Reinforcement theory of B. F Skinners. The reinforcement has three principles that typically occur after consequences.First is the consequence which gives rewards increases a behavior, second, consequences which give punishment decrease a behavior and third, consequences which give neither rewards nor punishment extinguish a behavior (Skinner, B. , 1953). penalization Melissa Standridge acknowledged that Punishment involves presenting a strong stimulus that decreases the frequency of a particular response. Punishment is effective in q uickly eliminating undesirable behaviors. Skinner believed that the students learning in responding positive or negative will take a gradual development organization a bran-new behavior of a student.Skinner believed more on positive punishment, that if the students do something bad, something bad will also happen. This correlates the teachers punishment to the students who are not doing assignments or homework, thus penalized for more extra work (cleaning the classroom before going home) as punishment. On the other hand, a student receives punishment (negatively), if he insults his classmate he cannot take his recess. These are just simple punishments that can help change the behavior of the students.Behavior ModificationBehavioral modification is a therapy technique according to Skinner. Extinguish a negative behavior by taking remote the reinforcer and change it with positive behavior by giving reinforcement (Skinner, B. F. , 1971). behavioristic Melissa Standridge explained t hat behavior modification offers educators a way to shape students behavior to promote better classroom performance. It needs a combination of methods that consists series of steps outlined by Standridge as excerpted below Specify the outcome you desire for a child. Catch the child being right.Ask for a response when you know the student has the answer to help develop confidence. Identify and use positive reinforcement when the student responds correctly. Reinforcement continues until the child consistently exhibits the desire behavior. After the child consistently exhibits the behavior, begin reducing the amount of reinforcement. Finally evaluate and assess the success based on the continuance of the behavior with no reinforcement. (Standridge, M. , 2002) This theory can be an effective method to cause change in students behavior.Students enjoy having positive rewards and positive comments from teachers and other students. Accordingly, this desire for positive comments from teacher s and other students is a powerful stimulus. Conclusion B. F. Skinners theory of education is a powerful tool that has been tested through several experiments which are likewise used by teachers who are even unaware of Skinners theory. The reward and punishment system has been publicly accepted not only applicable in schools for students but also in jobs or works where employees productivity is the main concerned of employers.Employers personnel management is geared towards the attainment of corporate vision and mission. The application of this theory helps a lot in shaping the students behavior which will then be useful in shaping the entirety of a person to attain the good future everyone is looking for.REFERENCES Behavior Management parcel of land Parent Coach Plan ,2004. 26 March 2007, from .Behavior Contract Dr. Macs Behavior Management Advice Site, 2002. 26 March 2007, from .B. F. Skinner, behavioral psychology, behaviorism Gene Zimmer 1999. 26 March 2007, from .Hopkins, B. L . (1968). cause of candy and social reinforcement, instructions, and reinforcement schedule learning on the modification and maintenance of smiling. Journal of utilize Behavior Analysis, 1, 121-129.Mazur, James E. Learning. Microsoft Encarta 2006 CD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2005.Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York Macmillan. 26 March 2007, from .Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond independence and Dignity. New York Knopf. Standridge, Melissa. Behaviorism. In M. Orey (Ed. ), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology, 2002. 26 March 2007 , from . Watson, J. Psychology as a Behaviorist Views IT, Psychological Review, 20158-77